Fluid packing.



1 2 vR P A D E m N E T A P m AT. BE mm P E Dm zjw .P S

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24. 1907.

mbgmg UNITED STATES Pars SEBASTIAN- ZIANI DE FERRANTI, F GRINDLEFORD,ENGLAND.

FLUID PACKING. v

No. seaoezl Specification of Letters Patent.

" Patented April 21, 19 0s:

Application filed June a, 1907. Serial No. 880,591

To all whom iii-may concern:

Be it knowtf that I, Sumsrmu ZIANI ns FERRANTI, a subject of the .Kin ofGreat Britain. and Ireland, residing at rindleford, in the county ofDerby, England,having invented certain new and useful Im rovements I inFluid-Packing, of which the to owing is a which the fpacking contactswhen sudden variations 0 the load causes whip of the shaft to takeplace.

My invention consists in the packings-and applications of the samehereinafter claimed, certain examples of the invention beindescribed indetail in order toenable t ose skilled in the art to carry the inventioninto- Referring to the accompanying drawings] which form part of thespecification, Figure 1 shows. generally the application of one form ofmy imroved packing to the running and standing blades of a pressure flowturbine; Figs. 2 and 3 showcross section and part lan re'spectivelyof aform of the invention in which the bruslfes are wired in lace in grou s;Figs. 4 and 5 show forms in w ich the brus wires are bent over one ormore central wires; Figs. 6 and 7 show cross section and partplan-respectively 'of a modification in which a base strip havingrectangular-holes is adopted. Fig. 8 being similar but with base-stripand holding ring combined into. a

' PP dummy latch.

ber of fine wires, (1, set in a holding ring, 12, or

- contact with or be in close proximity to'the singlle member; Fig. 9shows ,one method of ying my invention to a balance or Fig. 10 being acorresponding brusi ackin segment; while F g. 11

shows anot ermet od of applying my inven tion to pistons. The samereference symbols when desirable, are used-to denote corres ending partson the different drawings whicli are to a considerable extent of adiagrammatic nature.

In carrying my invention into effect according to one form, the packinis constructed in'any convenient manner 0 a large numthe like so thatthe working 'face of the packingis 0 brush like form an is placed so asto cured to the running blades. b, of the other brushes, of, areshownsecured surface of the shaft or other art at it is desired toreduce the le age to a mum,.thusproviding an exceed] Y ly efficientjoint in whichthe necessity for me adxjzustment of the bearings isdispensed with.

Ageneral view of a part of a Parsons or pressure flow turbine fittedwith brush packmg aocordin to my'invention is shown in Fig. 1, in wiichthe running and stan 7 blades are denoted by the letters, 0 andrespectively. The brushes, 0.", are shownsomewhat conventionally intheir corre spending holding rings, 1), which are secured in grooves inthe turbine casing by means, for instance, of the calking strips, c, thebrushes bearing on the shrouding r s, f, se- 'lhfiollders,

by a stiffening ring or shroud, h, riveted to the blades by tangs, a,left on them for that .urpose, the brushes formed in segments or at newwise-as convenient being subsequently sprung into the holders or fixedin any other suitable manner; these brushes bear on the body of therotor-between the running blades. in otherv cases -I may prefer tofixthe brush packingsfto' the shrouding ring of the running 1 lades andallow the brush-like face to contact with or abut against the surface ofthe stationary member. The brushes should be adjusted in the firstinstance so as to rub lightly against'the surfaces; they then-afterrunning for a short whilewear down and make their own bearing.

I'shall now describe more in detail, certainmethods whichl have foundsatisfactory of constructing the brushes though I wish it tobeunderstood that I do not intend to limit myself tosuch specific forms."Aecor to: one form, the brush wires may be attae'ed to a flat basestrip, 70, (see Fig. 1") by. any suitable means such as those used inthe manufacture of ordinary brushes, the stripbeing bent so as to form acom lete ring or a part of a r' as required be ore being se cured to thelding ring, b. Thus, I may.

. attach the brush wires in groups of circular,

rectangular or other form by forming holes in r the base strip, k, (seeFigs. 2 and 3) and securingthe central portions of the lengths of Wire.forming a given oup in its appropriate hole by'means of, a inding. wire,n, which;

manner common in rus making. I prefierably arrange'the groups in ringsin such a manner that they break joint with one anthreads through the mu8 in turn after the porting it, according to which a circumfer-' ential'groove, 0, is formed by rollin or otherwise so as to leave a tongue, r,w ich can be burred or bent over and so secure the holding ring inplace. Fig. 2 also shows that part, .9, of the turbine with which thebrushes contact provided with a series of grooves or serrations, t,running circumferentially so as to increase the bafliling action of thepacking.

According to another form of construction (see Fig. 4) the brush wires,a, may be bent over a central wire, a, which is then secured in positionby the holding ring, I), the side flanges, v, of which are adapted toprovide lateral support to the packing. The holding ring, I), may beformed to accommodate more than one ring of packing if desired, (seeFig. 5) and may be formed of dovetailed section to assist in securing itin place. Again, as shownin Figs. 6 and 7, rectangular or other holesmay be unched or otherwise formed in the base strip, is, so asto leaveintermediate bridges, 'w. The brush wires are then passed up through oneof theholes, over a ridge and down through'an adjacent hole, the basestri 'so provided with brushes being then secure in the holding ring,I), as above. As shownin Fig. 8 however, the base strip,

. k, and holding ring, may be integrally combined into one singlemember, as; in the case shown, which is particularly suitable for ashaft packing, intermediate ribs, 2, separate the brushes into rings,the brush wires of each ring being looped or bent over ap ropriate barsor bridges,.w, shown in dotte lines in the figure, as in the precedingmodification.

In any of the forms of packing which I have described.- the wiresincline to one side when forced into contact with the opposite surfaceby whipping of the shaft on account of the relative motion of thecontacting parts but in some cases they may be set at a slight angle tothe radius to assist this. The packing may be secured either to thestationary casing or to the shaft as convenient. In some cases insteadof forming the packing in separate rings around the shaft, it may bedistributed in a spiral after the manner of a screw thread, the numberof convolutions being of course determined by the difference in pressureof the working fluid at the ends of the spiral; may sometimes arrangebrush venting leaka e along the s iral.

In Fig. 9 I ave shown t e ap lication of my invention to a balance orummy piston, 2. According to one form I provide the piston withrings, 3,two of which, by way of example, are-s own serrated as and for thepurpose already described. The packing proper I preferably construct inthe form of like partitions transversely to assist in presegments, oneof which is shown in Fig. 10, these segments being secured to theturbine casing, 5, in any suitable manner. As shown, however, in Fig.11, I may dispense with the the rings 3, and adapt a form of packin suchas that, for exam le, described wit reference to Fig. 2 to ear directlon the body of the piston. I have also s own in Fig. 11 other forms ofserrations, t, t t", which I have found satisfactory the underlying ideaas above indicated being to provide annular rojections or ridges whichcut into the brus es and so increase the baffling effect.

In applying my invention as a substitute for known form of lab rinthpacking for tur-' bine shafts, I may eit er form a special base stripand holding ring combined as already described withreference to Fig. 8or I may -merely increase the number of rings of brush packing in whichcase I may either increase the axial len th of the holding ring or use anumber of he ding rings arranged side by side as in Fig. 11 according tothe pressure difference to be provided for.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

1. The combination of a machine member; a second member movablerelatively thereto; a pluralityof filamentous elements on one of saidmembers and in juxtaposition to the other of said members so as to actas a labyrinth fluid packing.

2. The combination of a machine member, a second member movablerelatively thereto; a plurality of filamentous elements associatedtogether so as to form a brush-like structure, and means for retainingsaid l rush-like stru cture on one of said members and.in'juxtapo sitionto the other of said members so as to act as a fluid acking.

3.. The com ination of a machine member, a second member movablerelatively thereto; a lurality of filamentous elements forming aabyrinth fluid packing; means for retainin said filamentous elements onone of said members, together with a lurality of grooves in the other ofsaid mem ers in uxtaposition to said filamentous elements and co-aetingtherewith to increase the bathing effect.

4. The combination of 'a machine member, a second member movablerelatively thereto a plurality of filamentous elements associatedtogether so as to form a brush like structure, means for retaining saidbrush like structure on one of said members to ether with a plurality ofgrooves on the other of said members in juxtaposition to saidfilamentous elements and eo-acting therewith to increase the bafliingefiect.

5. The combination of a machine member; a second member movablerelatively thereto; a plurality of filamentous elements bundled ing.

together, means for retaining said bundled filamentous elements on oneof said members and .in juxtaposition to the other of said members so asto form a labyrinth fluid pack 6. The combination of a machine member; asecond member movable relatively thereto; adense brush-like structurecarried by one of said'members and in j uxtaposition to the other ofsaid members so as to j act as a fluid acking.

7. The com ination of plurality of rel atively movable turbine members;a dense in a certain directi'on; amultiplicity brush-like structurecarried by one of said members and in juxtaposition to another of. saidmembers so as to act as a fluid packing.

8. The combination of a turbine element and a turbine blade, saidturbineparts being relatively movable; together with a dense brush-likestructure dis osed between said turbine parts to act as a uid packing.

9. The combination of two machine members relatively movablewith anintervening clearance through which'fluid tends t? lflow on slenderelements forming a brush-ii e struc ture carried by and rojectinglengthwise from one of said mem ers and in (i'uxta osition to the otherto act as a flui v P s said long slender elements be ng densel massed 1nsald certain direction in whic 10. The combination of two relativelymovable machine members, with a fluid packing disposed-therebetween,said fluid packingconsisting of a densely massed aggregation of longslender elements carried by and projecting lengthwise from one of saidmemers and in juxtaposition to the other of said members so as to brushor sweep said other member under certain conditions.

11. The combination of aturbine element; a series of turbine blades,said element and said blades being relatively movable with anintervening clearance through which'fluid tends to flow in a certaindire-ction, together with a fluid packing disposed between said turbineelement and said blades, said fluid packing consisting in abrush-likestructure formed of'a multiplicityof long slender elements densel massedin said certain direction in whic saidfluid tends to flow. v

12, The combination ofa turbine element; a series of. turbine bladescarrying a steadying stri said element and said strip being relative ymovable. with .an interveningclearance through which fluid tends to flowin a certain direction together with a fluid packing disposed'betweensaid turbine element, and said strilp, said fluid packing consisting ina brushke structure formed of a multiplicity of long slender elementsdensely massed-in said certain direction inwhich said fluid tends toflow.

.elastic members disposed 13. The combination of aturbine element andaseries of turbine blades, said element and said blades being relativelyrno'vabletogether with a fluid packing having a dense brushvlikestructure disposed between said element and said blades. 1

14. The combination of a turbine element and a series of turbine bladescarrying a steadying strip, said turbine element and said strip beingrelatively movable togetherwith a fluid'packing having a dense brushlikestructure disposed between said element and 'said strip.

15. The combination of a machine mem- 'ber; a fluid packing having adense brushlike structure carried by said' memberpa second machinemember provided with a plurality of grooves, said firstzmentioned andsaid second mentioned machine mem-- bers being relatively movable, andsaid grooves being disposed in juxtaposition to said packing andco-acting therewith.. to increase the bafflingeffect.

. 16. The combination of two machine .members with a fluid packingdisposed therebetween, said packing having a dense brush-like structure.

17. Asan article of manufacture a labyrinthfluid packing of bundledfilamentous;

elementss I a 18. As an article of manufacture, a fluid packing having amultiplicity of likeflexible elastic members labyrmthally disposed inrinth fluid packing having a multiplicity of filamentous elements massedtogether to. form a brush-like structure.

23. As an article of manufacture,- a labyrinth fluid packing having amultiplicity of long slender elements massedtogether to form abrush-like structure. I

24. As an article of manufacture, a fluid acking having flexible elasticmembers each ong in comparison with its width and breadth, said membersbeing closely 'assembled in large numbers both width-wise andbreadth-wise to form, a packing having a ke struc-;

cross section large in proportion to the cwss section of the individualmembers.

' '25. As an'article of manufacture, a fluid packing having 'amultiplicity of long slenden members closely assembled in each of twoperpendicular directions at -right angles to their length.

28. As an article of manufacture, a laby rinth fluid packing consistingof a densely crowded mass of long slender elements.

29. As an article of manufacture, a fluid -packing having in combinationa base and a densely massed a gregation of long slender elements carriedyand projecting lengthwise from said base.

30. As an article of manufacture, alaby rin-th fluid packing having incombination a base and numerous flexible elastic 'members projectingfrom said base to form a structure discontinuous in two dimensions.

.31. As an article'of manufacture, a labyrinth fluid packing having incombinationa base and an aggregation offlexible elastic membersprojecting therefrom and densely massedin two dimensions to form astructure discontinuous in said same dimensions.

32. As anarticle of manufacture, a labyrinth fluid packing having incombination a base and an aggregation of flexible elastic uniformlymembers projecting therefrom, said members being uniformly distributedin two dimen sions.

.operative portions uniform y distributed in two dimensions over anarea.

35. As an article of manufacture, a labyrinth fluid packing havingnumerous filamentous members uniformly distributed in two dimensionsover an area.

36.. As an article of manufacture, a labyrinth fluid acking havingnumerous wires distributed in two dimensions over an area.

37. As an article of manufacture, a labyrinth, fluid packing havingnumerous long slender elements uniformly distributed in two dimensionsover an area.

In testimony whereof, I affix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRAN'll.

' Witnesses:

GEORGE CRosLAND TAYLOR, JAMES CARLTON Srrr'r.

